← Back to Master Map

Machina iO

Practical indistinguishability obfuscation. 2026 focus: noise refreshing, blind PRF over key-homomorphic encodings, ≥64-bit obfuscation, SNARK verification kickoff.

Research
Roadmap Completion: 20%
iO
Lattice
key-homomorphic encodings
FHE
GGH15
Now

FHE multiplication over key-homomorphic encodings

Implement FHE multiplication over key-homomorphic encodings. Foundation for blind PRF; unlocks predicate encryption / LFE.

Q1 2026 · The FHE multiplication circuit compatible with key-homomorphic encodings has been implemented. A further optimization and the evaluation of the circuit over the encodings is underway.

A paper on a new lookup table evaluation method over key-homomorphic encodings and low-depth modulo operation circuits

Publish a paper detailing a new method for evaluating lookup tables over key-homomorphic encodings, along with low-depth modulo operation circuits.

Q2 2026 · The method and the circuit have been implemented, and the paper is in the process of being written.

Noise refreshing with a dummy blind PRF

Implement noise refreshing of GGH15 encodings with replaceable dummy blind PRF. Confirm parameter growth is polylogarithmic.

Q2 2026 · The noise refreshing with a dummy blind PRF has not been implemented yet, but the high-level design has been finalized.
Next

Blind PRF over key-homomorphic encodings

Implement a circuit compatible with key-homomorphic encodings that simulates a PRF without revealing key or output. The circuit will be used to replace the dummy blind PRF in the noise refreshing construction.

Q2–Q3 2026 · The circuit is expected to be implementable by combining the gadgets implemented in Q1 2026, although further efficiency improvements and careful parameter tuning are still needed.

Diamond iO 2

Implement the next version of the diamond iO, which will support a larger input size without compromising efficiency. A paper describing the construction and its security proof will be published as well.

Q3 2026

Devcon 2026: obfuscation for nontrivial input size

Demo and presentation: the first practical-performance iO for nontrivial input size (e.g., 64 input bits), or its concrete estimation of the required hardware costs and performance.

Q3 2026
Later

SNARK verification over key-homomorphic encodings

Start implementing a SNARK verification circuit over key-homomorphic encodings. Continues into Q1 2027.

Q4 2026

Description

  • ✓Improve efficiency of key-homomorphic encodings to enable blind PRF and noise refreshing
  • ✓Diamond iO 2, supporting larger input sizes without compromising efficiency
  • ✓SNARK verification over key-homomorphic encodings (kickoff Q4)

Deliverables

  • ✓Implementation of FHE multiplication + blind FHE over key-homomorphic encodings, along with noise refreshing
  • ✓Implementation of obfuscation with a 64-bit input size or its concrete estimation of the required hardware costs and performance
  • ✓Papers on the new lookup table evaluation method and low-depth circuit in Q2 and the next diamond iO construction in Q3
  • ✓Concrete specs for the SNARK verification circuit compatible with key-homomorphic encodings

Impact

  • ✓First practical-performance iO for nontrivial input size
  • ✓Foundation for practical implementations of key-homomorphic encodings
  • ✓Security and efficiency collaboration with academia